Education and training, namely, providing classes, seminars, tutorials and workshops in the field of enterprise resource planning, cloud computing, internet, web services, Application Programming Interfaces (API's), and information technology, namely programming and scripting languages, business intelligence, website development and eCommerce and native and web applications; arranging and conducting seminars and conferences in the field of enterprise resource planning, cloud computing, internet, web services, Application Programming Interfaces (API's), and information technology, namely programming and scripting languages, business intelligence, website and eCommerce and native and web applications; providing nondownloadable electronic publications in the nature of brochures, newsletters, help documentation and training manuals in the field of enterprise resource planning

Services in relation to computing devices, software and the Internet, namely, computer consultation and computer software consultation regarding the use of software and the Internet in managing the cloud computing requirements of organizations and individuals; computer software design, development, consultation, installation and maintenance services in the field of mobile applications, business process management and enterprise resource planning for supporting areas of accounting, manufacturing of goods, distributorships of goods, retail services, equipment rental management, project management and costing, equipment maintenance management, business forecasting, budgeting and sales reporting, customer and supplier relationship management, inventory and warehouse management, quality management, web sales management, supply chain management, management of mobile computing equipment, employee scheduling and payroll, document management, content database management, master database management, software management relating to cloud computing web hosting services, network management relating to network connectivity, and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs); online provision of non-downloadable web-based software in the areas of enterprise administration, accounting, manufacturing of goods, distributorships of goods, retail services, equipment rental, project management and costing, maintenance management, business forecasting, budgeting and sales reporting, customer and supplier relationship management, inventory and warehouse management, quality management, web sales, supply chains, mobility solutions, scheduling, payroll, document management content management, master data management, cloud services, cloud computing web hosting and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and other information technology services, namely, providing information regarding information technology (IT), namely programming and scripting languages, business intelligence, website development and eCommerce and native and web applications and the planning and design of information technology systems; Cloud computing featuring software for use business process management and enterprise resource planning for supporting areas of accounting, manufacturing of goods, distributorships of goods, retail services, equipment rental management, project management and costing, equipment maintenance management, business forecasting, budgeting and sales reporting, customer and supplier relationship management, inventory and warehouse management, quality management, web sales management, supply chain management, management of mobile computing equipment, employee scheduling and payroll, document management, content database management, master database management, software management relating to cloud computing web hosting services, network management relating to network connectivity, and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs); software as a service (SAAS) services featuring software for business process management and enterprise resource planning for supporting areas of accounting, manufacturing of goods, distributorships of goods, retail services, equipment rental management, project management and costing, equipment maintenance management, business forecasting, budgeting and sales reporting, customer and supplier relationship management, inventory and warehouse management, quality management, web sales management, supply chain management, management of mobile computing equipment, employee scheduling and payroll, document management, content database management, master database management, software management relating to cloud computing web hosting services, network management relating to network connectivity, and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs); platform as a service (PAAS) featuring computer software platforms for use in business process management and enterprise resource planning for supporting areas of accounting, manufacturing of goods, distributorships of goods, retail services, equipment rental management, project management and costing, equipment maintenance management, business forecasting, budgeting and sales reporting, customer and supplier relationship management, inventory and warehouse management, quality management, web sales management, supply chain management, management of mobile computing equipment, employee scheduling and payroll, document management, content database management, master database management, software management relating to cloud computing web hosting services, network management relating to network connectivity, and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs); providing temporary use of on-line non-downloadable software for use in for business process management and enterprise resource planning for supporting areas of accounting, manufacturing of goods, distributorships of goods, retail services, equipment rental management, project management and costing, equipment maintenance management, business forecasting, budgeting and sales reporting, customer and supplier relationship management, inventory and warehouse management, quality management, web sales management, supply chain management, management of mobile computing equipment, employee scheduling and payroll, document management, content database management, master database management, software management relating to cloud computing web hosting services, network management relating to network connectivity, and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs); online provision of web-based software and web-based applications (non-downloadable), namely providing temporary use of a web-based software application for use in business process management and enterprise resource planning for supporting areas of accounting, manufacturing of goods, distributorships of goods, retail services, equipment rental management, project management and costing, equipment maintenance management, business forecasting, budgeting and sales reporting, customer and supplier relationship management, inventory and warehouse management, quality management, web sales management, supply chain management, management of mobile computing equipment, employee scheduling and payroll, document management, content database management, master database management, software management relating to cloud computing web hosting services, network management relating to network connectivity, and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs); computer and technology services for integration of technologies, platforms, devices, applications, apps and the Internet of Things to exchange information between Internet of Things (IoT) and software applications, namely Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), Application Programming Interface (API) engines and connectors and interfaces; hosting and managing software and applications in the fields of business process management and enterprise resource planning for supporting areas of accounting, manufacturing of goods, distributorships of goods, retail services, equipment rental management, project management and costing, equipment maintenance management, business forecasting, budgeting and sales reporting, customer and supplier relationship management, inventory and warehouse management, quality management, web sales management, supply chain management, management of mobile computing equipment, employee scheduling and payroll, document management, content database management, master database management, software management relating to cloud computing web hosting services, network management relating to network connectivity, and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs); software as a service (SAAS) services, namely, hosting software for use by others; providing search engines for the Internet; providing online non-downloadable software for search services and compilations of information; computer technological and software consultancy services; rental of web servers; web site design consultancy; digital security services, namely computer security services in the nature of user identity and access management, user authentication and digital certificate management; business risk management services; computer project management services

Aluminium paints, anticorrosive paints, antifouling paints, anticorrosive paints, asbestos paints, automotive paints, bactericidal paints, ceramic paints, damp proofing paints, enamel paints, fabric paints, fireproof paints, floor paints, fluorescent paints, heat resistant paints, luminous paints, oil paints, varnishes, lacquers preservatives against rust and against deterioration of wood colorants for use in the manufacture of beverages, cosmetics, food, paper and plastic molding compounds wood mordants; mordants for leather, for the textile industry and for dyeing natural fibres raw natural resins metals in foil and powder form for painters, decorators, printers and artists

Bleaching preparations and other substances in the nature of laundry bleach and laundry additives for water softening all for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations, namely, cleaning preparations for cleansing drains, dry cleaning preparations, all purpose cleaning preparations, polishing wax, scouring solutions and general use abrasives; bath soaps in liquid, solid or gel form; body soaps; liquid soaps for hands and face; cosmetic soaps; fragrances and perfumery; essential oils for the manufacture of perfumes; essential oils as perfume for laundry purposes, essential oils for aromatherapy; cosmetics; make-up; eye make-up; eyeliners; blushers; lipsticks; hair lotions; dentifrices

Industrial oils and greases; industrial lubricants; castor oil for industrial purposes; hardened oils for industrial use; industrial lubricants; all purpose lubricants; dust removing preparations; dust-binding compositions; fuels, namely, alcohol fuel, aviation fuel, bagasse for use as fuel, benzene fuel, benzine fuel, biofuel, butane fuel, charcoal for fuel, coal based fuels, denaturated fuel alcohols, diesel fuel, ethanol fuels, fuel for domestic heating, fuel for lighters, fuel from crude oil, fuel gas, fuel oil, fuel pellets, lamp fuels, lighting fuel, methanol fuel, methylated spirits for fuel, mineral motor fuel, motor fuel, propane for use as fuel, solidified gas for fuel, wood heating fuel pellets, woodfuel and xylene fuel; candles and wicks for candles for lighting

Pharmaceuticals, namely, anti-infectives, psychotropics, antihelmintics, lipid lowering agents, inducers of erections, ocular pharmaceuticals, antibacterial pharmaceuticals, cardiovascular pharmaceuticals, anti-diabetic pharmaceuticals, dermatological pharmaceutical products, pharmaceutical antiviral preparations, pharmaceutical antitussive-cold preparations, pharmaceutical preparations for wounds and for treating allergies; veterinary preparations, namely, antioxidants, pain relief medication, bacterial and bacteriological preparations for veterinary use, diagnostic preparations for veterinary use, veterinary preparations for treatment of intestinal bacteria and for destroying parasites; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; Dietetic foods and beverages adapted for medical and veterinary use; food for babies; dietary supplements for general health and well-being; plasters, namely, medical and surgical plasters; material for stopping teeth; dental wax; all purpose disinfectants; preparations for destroying vermins and parasites; preparations for destroying mice; fungicides; herbicides

Alcoholic beverages (except beers), namely, winebased beverages, alcoholic punches, alcoholic coolers, alcoholic cocktails, alcoholic fruit drinks

Tobacco flints and firestones cigarettes; cigarette filters; e-cigarettes; matches; ashtrays

Common metals and their alloys; metal ores; metal building materials, namely, soffits, fascia, ceiling boards and floor boards, ductile iron piles, portable metal levees, gabions of steel wire, composite panels, metal decorative fireplace facings, stair nosing of metal, drywall corner bead of metal, awnings of metal, metal canopies, metal countertops for further installation; transportable greenhouses of metal for household use; non-electrical lifting cables; non-electrical elevator cables; non-electrical wire fencing; small items of metal hardware, namely, metal dust proof strikes, hardware mounting system comprised of metal brackets for bath accessories and decorative hooks, double-end swivels, carabiners of metal, high security locks and sheet metal plates; branching pipes of metal including those from alloy steel and titanium; metal safes

Industrial robots; aeronautic engines; marine enginesnd parts and fittings thereof; metalworking machine tools; milling cutters machine tools; dies for use with machine tools; machine tools for the metalworking industry; machine tools for the textile industry;motors and engines used in industrial applications; machine coupling and belting, except for land vehicles; agricultural implements other than hand-operated, namely, cultivators, disk harrows, seed drills, seeders, incorporators, hay balers, coulters, and tractor towed agricultural implements in the nature of rollers, corn huskers, hay rakes, harvesters, reapers, mowers, plows; incubators for eggs; automatic vending machines

Hand-operated hand and tools and implements, namely, riveting tools, abrading tools, pumps, chisels, locking clamp tools, dies, sharpening tools and instruments, cutting tools, tile spacer removal tools, vegetable shredders, slicers, shears, choppers, hair clippers, wrenches, saws, lifting jacks, hammers, plumbing snakes, tiller, lawn edgers, nail extractors, nail pullers, nail and pin punches, chisels, files, hoes, reamers, screwdrivers, reaching devices for picking up and removing trash, litter and objects, lawn rakes, rabbeting planes, billhooks, press machines for paper making, book binding, embossing and relief and intaglio printing, hand-operated automotive repair tools, namely, brake and engine cylinder hones, magnetic pick-up tools, drum brake adjusting tools, brake pad spreaders, brake spring removers, disc brake piston cubes, ring and valve spring compressors, valve spring depressors, ball joint separators, valve holders; cutlery; side arms not including firearms, namely, swords and hunting knives; blades for electric razors

Computer hardware; Computer software, namely, downloadable computer software for word processing, computer software for document management, for application and database integration, for producing financial models, for use as a spreadsheet, for use in database management, for authorizing access to databases, for creating searchable databases of information and data, for use in customer relationship management (CRM), to automate data warehousing, and for the collection, editing, organizing, modifying, book marking, transmission, storage and sharing of data and information, software that provides real-time, integrated business management intelligence by combining information from various databases and presenting it in an easy-to-understand user interface; Computer software, namely, communications software for connecting computer network users, global computer networks, computer software for controlling self-service terminals, for administration of computer networks, for wireless content delivery, for administration of computer local area networks, for use in computer access control, for controlling and managing access server applications, for controlling and managing access server applications, for monitoring and controlling communication between computers and automated machine systems, to maintain and operate computer system, for providing access to the Internet; Computer software for processing digital images, for processing digital music files, for organizing and viewing digital images and photographs, for creating and editing music and sounds, for creating digital animation and special effects of images, for manipulating digital audio information for use in audio media applications, to enhance the audio-visual capabilities of multimedia applications, namely, for the integration of text, audio, graphics, still images and moving pictures; Computer software, namely, computer software for encryption, computer software development tools, computer operating software, computer graphics software, computer game software, computer anti-virus software, computer software for the creation of firewalls, computer software and firmware for operating system programs, computer aided design (CAD) software for general use, computer aided manufacturing (CAM) software for general use; computer peripherals; electronic data processing apparatus; computer networking hardware and data communications equipment, namely, electronic communications systems comprised of computer hardware for the transmission of data between two points, computer network adapters, switches, routers, and hubs; computer components and parts, namely, electronic components for computers; computer memory devices; electronic control apparatus, namely, electronic controllers for computer hardware and peripherals excluding gaming apparatus, electric control panels, computer terminals and electronic controls for machines; programmed-data-carrying electronic circuits; electric wires for communication equipment; electrodes; telephones; aerials; batteries; micro processors; computer keyboards; motion picture films about video recordings featuring music and artistic performances, education, entertainment, fashion, sports and culture

Surgical apparatus and instruments for medical use; dental apparatus and instruments, namely, apex locator, polymerisation apparatus, milling apparatus, intra-oral light systems, ultrasound and x-ray apparatus for dental imaging and orthodontic machines and instruments for dental purposes; surgical veterinary apparatus and instruments, namely, castrating, animal euthanasia, x-ray, and surgical apparatus and instruments; artificial limbs; artificial eyes; orthopedic articles, namely, orthopedic belts, orthopedic braces, orthopedic footwear, orthopedic soles, orthopedic walkers and orthopedic supports; suture materials; apparatus for artificial respiration; apparatus for blood analysis

Accent lights for indoor use; aquarium lights; automobile lights; book lights; ceiling lights; Christmas tree lights; air valves for steam heating installations; automatic temperature regulators for central heating radiators; central heating radiators; commercial cooking ovens; beverage cooling and ice dispensing machines; chemical fiber drying machines; air impellers for ventilation; automatic water dispensers for pets; air filtering units for removing dust, smoke and allergens from the air

Vehicles, namely, automobiles, motorcycles, airplanes; apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water, namely, land vehicles, vessels in the nature of boats and ships, airplanes; anti-theft alarms for vehicles

Firearms; Air guns; automatic guns; flare pistols ammunition; bullets; cartridge dies; detonators; explosive fuses; fireworks; firecrackers

Precious metals; alloys of precious metal precious stones; Ingots of precious metals; charms in precious metals or coated therewith fancy keyrings of precious metals; jewellery; amulets being jewellery; beads for making jewellery; charms for jewellery; jewelry and imitation jewelry; clocks and watches; chronometers

Musical instruments, namely, percussion instruments, stringed musical instruments, woodwind musical instruments, and electronic musical instruments; cases for musical instruments

Provision of information and advice to consumers regarding the selection of products and items to be purchased; provision of business and commercial information; advertising and business management consultancy; personnel recruitment; personnel management consulting; advertising agency services; advertising the goods and services of others; mediation of contracts for purchase and sale of products and services; advertising services for promoting the brokerage of stocks and other securities for others; advertising services of a radio and television advertising agency; negotiation of business contracts for others; business management and organization consultancy; computerized file management; rental of advertising space; rental of advertising space on web sites; leasing of office equipment; rental of office machinery and equipment; market analysis and research services; market research studies; computer database management services; retail store services featuring clothing, books, computer equipment, computer software, furniture, grocery, jewellery, food, cosmetics, toys, automobile parts and audio equipment

Paper; cardboard; printed publications and printed matter, namely, printed certificates, booklets, coupons, lectures, leaflets, paper signs, manuals, curricula, newsletters, informational cards and brochures in the fields of art, music and artistic performances, entertainment, fashion, sports, culture, general human interest, film production, languages, science and technology, law; inking Ribbons for computer printers; bookbinding materials; books in the field of art, music and artistic performances, entertainment, fashion, sports, culture, general human interest, film production, languages, science and technology, law; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; artists' paint brushes; music sheets; printed music scores on sheets; periodical magazines in the field of art, music and artistic performances, entertainment, fashion, sports, culture, general human interest, film production, languages, science and technology, law; photographs; stationery and educational supplies, namely, blank note books and school supply kits containing various combinations of selected school supplies, namely, writing instruments, pens, pencils, mechanical pencils, erasers, markers, crayons, highlighter pens, folders, notebooks, paper, protractors, paper clips, pencil sharpeners, writing grips, glue for stationery or household use and book marks; typewriters; printed instructional and teaching material, except apparatus, namely in the field of art, music and artistic performances, entertainment, fashion, sports, culture, general human interest, film production, languages, science and technology, law; plastic materials, namely, bags and bubble packs; plastic film for packaging; self-adhesive plastic sheets for lining shelves; printing blocks

Silicon rubber; crude rubber; foam rubber; industrial packaging containers of rubber; gutta-percha; asbestos; mica plastics in extruded form used in production insulating fabrics; insulating oils, paints, tapes, plaster, washers, varnish, sleeves for power lines; plastic junctions for flexible pipes; plastic water pipes

Leather and imitation leather; leather and imitation leather bags animal skins and hides; luggage; back packs; umbrellas and parasols walking sticks; whips; harnesses and saddlery; animal identification collars; animal leashes; clothing for pets

Building materials (nonmetallic), namely, building stone, building sand, building paper, building glass, logs used as building material, mortar, non-metallic minerals for building and for construction, plaster for use in building, reeds for building, rock crystal for use as building materials, sandstone for building, serpentine building materials, terra cotta, tar and pitch, timber, lumber, tombstones, tufa, volcanic ash, xylolith, alabaster, andesite, asphalt, calcite, cement mixes, concrete, clay ash, feldspar, geotextiles, grout, macadam nonmetallic rigid pipes for building asphalt, pitch and bitumen ceramic monuments; monuments of concrete; monuments of marble; monuments of stone

Furniture, namely, bathroom furniture, bedroom furniture, dining room furniture, camping furniture, computer furniture, garden furniture, kitchen furniture, lawn furniture, living room furniture, office furniture, outdoor furniture, patio furniture, school furniture and furniture parts of all the aforesaid goods; chairs, cabinets, chests, doors, mirrors, picture frames, sea shells, meerschaum, yellow amber

Textiles and substitutes for textiles, namely, bed and table linen, bunting of textile and plastic, canvas for embroidery and tapestry, textile fabrics and labels, woven fabrics and knitted fabrics; blankets and linen for household purposes; curtains; furniture coverings of textile and plastic

Ropes; strings; tents; awnings; tarpaulins; sails; climbing ropes; anchoring ropes; straw ropes; nets, namely, animal feeding nets, fishing nets, twine for nets, camouflage nets for radar and visual use and snare nets; cotton netting; chemical fiber nettings; glass fiber netting; hemp nettings; silk netting; wadding for padding and stuffing; raw textile fibres; synthetic fibres

Yarns; threads and yarns for textile use; embroidery thread

Textiles and substitutes for textiles, namely, bed and table linen, bunting of textile and plastic, canvas for embroidery and tapestry, textile fabrics, woven fabrics and knitted fabrics; linen for household purposes; curtains

Clothing, namely, shirts, pants, coats, dresses, tops and bottoms; footwear; athletic footwear; beach footwear; casual footwear; climbing footwear; exercise footwear; infant footwear; headwear; caps; swimwear; sportswear; leisurewear, namely, leisure suits and shoes

Lace; Embroidery; ribbons; textile braid; buttons for clothing; hooks and eyes; pins, namely, hair pins, hat pins, curling pins, safety pins, bobby pins, marking pins, ornamental novelty pins; sewing and binding needles; artificial flowers

Carpets and rugs; door mats; bath mats; linoleum anti-slip floor coverings for use on staircases; decorative wall hangings, not of textile

Games and playthings, namely, board games, tabletop games, action target games, party games, puzzles, playing cards and card games, mechanical toys, parlor games, stuffed toys, toy vehicles video game machines; gymnastic and sporting articles not included in other classes, namely, springboards, appliances for gymnastics, athletic supporters, protective supports for shoulders and elbows, sleds, weight lifting belts, athletic tape, waist trimmer exercise belts Christmas tree ornaments and decorations

Meat, fish, poultry and game meat extracts preserved, frozen, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables jellies and jams; compotes eggs milk and milk products edible oils and fats

Coffee; tea; cocoa; artificial coffee; rice; tapioca; sago; flour; preparations made from cereals, namely, breakfast cereals, cereal bars and cereal-based snack food; bread; pastries; sugar confectionery; edible ices; sugar, honey, treacle; yeast; baking-powder; salt and pepper; mustard; vinegar; salad sauces; sauces for barbecued meat; spices; ice

Grains for planting, agricultural seeds, bulbs for agricultural purposes; seeds for horticultural purposes, bulbs for horticultural purposes; live trees, palm tree; partly worked palm trees leaves; live anchovies; live clams; live crabs; live poultry; fresh fruits and vegetables; unprocessed cereal, vegetable seeds, crop seeds, fresh herb; natural plants and flowers; fresh flowers; food for pets; malt for brewing and distilling

Insurance services; financially-guaranteed financing; venture capital financing; project financing; financing of loans and purchases; investment of funds for others; capital investment; financial planning and investment advisory services; advisory services in the field of credit and debit control, investment, grants and financing of loans; assessment and management of real estate; financial management; investment management; management of portfolios comprising securities; brokerage in the field of art, insurance, stocks, commodities, business, investment, mortgage, real estate, security; real estate services; leasing of real estate; real estate consultancy; real estate investment services; real estate valuation services; real estate services; real estate appraisal

Building construction services building maintenance and repair installation, maintenance and repair of computer apparatus and instruments, electronic data processing apparatus and instruments and telecommunications apparatus and instruments

Telecommunication services, namely, telecommunication access services, digital network telecommunications services, transmission of webcasts and podcasts, providing electronic message alerts via the internet, personal communication services and, providing multiple-user access to a global computer network, transmission of voice, data, graphics, images, audio and video by means of telecommunications networks, wireless communication networks, and the Internet; communication services, namely, electronic transmission of voices, transmission of voice, audio, visual images and data by telecommunications networks, wireless communication networks, the Internet, information services networks and data networks, electronic transmission of data and documents among users of computers; telecommunication routing and junction services; transmission of data; electronic transmission of images, photographs, graphic images and illustrations over a global computer network; transmission of data, audio, video and multimedia files by telecommunications networks, wireless communication networks, the Internet, information services networks and data networks; broadcasting of television programmes; simulcasting broadcast television over global communication networks, the Internet and wireless networks; video on demand transmissions; providing access to digital music websites on the internet; provision of access to the Internet; provision of access to a global computer network; video-on-demand transmission services; webcasting of fashion shows; provision of telecommunication access to video and audio content provided via an online video-on-demand service; satellite communication services; telecommunications gateway services

Transportation of passengers and goods by bus, rail, air, boat packing, crating and warehousing services arranging travel tours travel guide and travel information services travel and tour information service; travel services, namely, travel guide services, travel ticket reservation services

Chemical treatment of textile; printing of books; printing of patterns on textiles; mold and mildew prevention treatment of animal feed, fur, textile, wood, manufacture of jewellery and watches, fuel treatment services, chemical treatment of textile; incineration of waste and trash; waste water treatment services; waste management contracting services

Production of radio and television programmes; film production; educational research services; education and training services, namely, providing classes, seminars, workshops in the fields of art, music and artistic performances, entertainment, fashion, sports, culture, general human interest, film production, languages, science and technology, law; law enforcement training services; language training services; language training services; Entertainment services, namely, multimedia production services, organizing, arranging, and hosting social entertainment events, presenting live musical performances; Film distribution; providing television programmes, not downloadable, via video-on-demand transmission services; arranging and conducting seminars in the field of art, music and artistic performances, entertainment, fashion, sports, culture, general human interest, film production, languages, science and technology, law; Arranging and conducting educational congresses in the field of art, music and artistic performances, entertainment, fashion, sports, culture, general human interest, film production, languages, science and technology, law; Organization of exhibitions for cultural and educational purposes; publication of electronic books and journals on-line

Design, maintenance, development and updating of computer software; urban planning; construction planning; technical support services in the form of troubleshooting of computer hardware and software problems; technical support in the form of monitoring global computer network systems; design and development of computer hardware and software; technical consultancy in the field of environmental science; technical consultancy in the field of road cutting technology; commercial art design; graphic design; computer animation production services; clothing design; creating and maintaining web sites; medical research services; research and development of new products for others; building and maintaining websites

Hotel accommodation services; hotel reservations; bar services; catering of food and drinks; cafe services; restaurant services; bed and breakfast services; catering for the provision of food and beverages

Medical imaging; medical screening; medical testing services; medical fitness evaluation; medical diagnostic services; medical equipment rental; medical clinics; veterinary services beautician services; beauty salons vermin exterminating for agriculture, horticulture and forestry; aerial and surface spreading of fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals